The relationship between particulate air pollution and emergency hospital visits for hypertension in Beijing, China

Background

A number of epidemiological studies have examined the adverse effect of air pollution on mortality and morbidity. Also, several studies have investigated the associations between air pollution and specific-cause diseases including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between air pollution and the onset of hypertension.

Objective

To explore the risk effect of particulate matter air pollution on the emergency hospital visits (EHVs) for hypertension in Beijing, China.

Methods

We gathered data on daily EHVs for hypertension, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM_2.5), particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide in Beijing, China during 2007. A time-stratified case-crossover design with distributed lag model was used to evaluate associations between ambient air pollutants and hypertension. Daily mean temperature and relative humidity were controlled in all models.

Results

There were 1,491 EHVs for hypertension during the study period. In single pollutant models, an increase in 10 μg/m³ in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was associated with EHVs for hypertension with odds ratios (overall effect of five days) of 1.084 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.028, 1.139) and 1.060% (95% CI: 1.020, 1.101), respectively.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of ambient particulate matters are associated with an increase in EHVs for hypertension in Beijing, China.     

建筑结构概率可靠度的区间估计

介绍了正态分布强度参数未知、正态分布应力和强度参数均未知，同时考虑4个随机变量、取可靠度指标β为正态分布等几种常见情况下可靠度置信区间的确定方法，以达到在理论上补充和完善可靠度理论的目的。     

整浇梁板的冷弯薄壁型钢-混凝土组合节点滞回性能研究

结合某试点工程的要求 ,进行了整浇梁板的冷弯薄壁型钢与混凝土组合节点的足尺模型拟静力试验研究。分析研究了低周循环荷载下节点与楼板共同工作中的剪切滞后现象 ,并提出设计建议。     

不确定性岩石力学参数的区间反分析

考虑量测信息的不确定性，将岩石力学参数视为未知但有界的区间变量，建立了非线隆岩石力学参数的区间反分析模型。运用带约束的优化技术查变容差法求解反演模型，得出了不确定性力学参数的区间范围，研究了不同的量测精度和反演参数个数对反分析结果的影响，结论合乎规律，为实际工程分析提供了有价值的信息。     

用弹性板理论分析采场覆岩中的关键层

以岩层控制中的关键层理论为指导，应用弹性板理论建立了关键层的刚度条件和强度条件。结果表明，用板理论分析的结果与梁理论推导的结果具有相同的表达形式。最后，用实例证明了覆岩关键层的存在及对地表下沉的影响。     

Asaoka法在软土地基中的应用

对Asaoka从理论基础和沉降递推结果进行了分析，利用三次样条插值曲线来处理非等时间间隔的沉降观测资料，从而求得最终沉降，推算出固结系数。     

巷道围岩初始应力场和弹性模量的区间反演方法

从有限元数值计算的角度对岩土工程参数的可辨性进行了分析。在可辨识性分析的基础上，考虑观测数据的不确定性，建立了在联合采用围岩位移和应力观测数据的同时，识别地应力和围岩弹性模量的反演模型。并采用约束变尺度方法求解该反演模型，获得地应力和弹性所在区间范围。     

Predicting moisture state of timber members in a continuously varying climate

A prerequisite for a sensible estimate of moisture induced stresses in timber members is an accurate prediction of the members’ moisture states during their service life. There are, however, an infinite number of possible moisture states for an arbitrary timber member in a natural varying climate. The naturally varying humidity is possible to describe as harmonic cycles, with different periods, superimposed. This work presents realizations of envelop curves over the possible moisture states in a timber member for some carefully chosen harmonic humidity variations. The calculations, on which the realizations were made, are based on a fully coupled transport model including a model for the influential sorption hysteresis of wood. A format containing required information suitable for assessing the “moisture” action on timber members is proposed. In addition it is illustrated how a model of high complexity and nonlinearity renders results with large degree of consistency. Large moisture gradients in a timber member are detected when variations of the humidity are frequent (daily period) and with large amplitude at high humidity levels. Overall and complete moisture changes of structural timber members with normal dimensions are found for members subjected to varying humidity with long (annual) periods. A timber member’s initial moisture state in relation to the ambient humidity can have a significant influence on both moisture gradients and overall moisture change of the member.     

盾构隧道小间距加固实例分析

针对广州地铁二号线南延段东晓南站两端小间距盾构隧道区间,以盾构管片变形和受力及地表沉降作为主要控制目标,对搅拌桩加固施工方案和中隔墙素混凝土钻孔桩方案进行了数值模拟分析和投资比较,为此工程的顺利实施提供依据和指导,可供类似工程参考。     

基于区间组合法的边坡稳定非概率模糊可靠性分析方法

根据边坡稳定性影响因素的随机性、模糊性以及岩土材料力学参数取值的区间性特征,采用非对称三角模糊数表示岩土力学参数取值可能性分布,并对试验数据进行区间模糊优化分析。将所得非对称三角模糊数转化成区间数,运用边坡稳定性分析的简化Bishop法与区间组合法建立边坡安全系数区间值及可能滑动面求解方法,避免了区间函数运算的区间扩张问题。将安全系数区间计算函数与给定安全系数值之差作为功能函数,利用非概率模糊可靠性分析方法计算不同截集水平下的模糊可靠性指标,进而得到其可能性分布曲线,并由可能性理论求得边坡失效可能度,从而建立了基于区间组合法的边坡稳定非概率模糊可靠性分析方法。工程算例表明,该方法具有一定的合理性,为边坡工程稳定性评价提供了新的途径。